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. I V5Sheet1s-Sheet 2. E. L. W. HASKETT-SMITH.

(No Model.)

RANGE FINDER.

Patented' Mar.. 8, 1892.

QA/0558,55 f XW c gw 7,/ @VEA/70H (No Model.) 5 vSimms-sheet 3.

E. L. W. HASKBTTLSMITH. RANGE FINDER.

No. 470,487.' Patented Mar. a, 417892.

5 l H T I MV ,Q b T T E K S A H.. W L E RANGE FINDER.

Patented Mar. 8, 1892.

WiTnes s es `(N0 MOdSl-. 5 Sheets-Sheet 5, l E. L. W. HASKETT-SMITH- RANGE FINDER. No. 470,487. Patented. Mar. 8, 18912.

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vUNirED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

`EDMUND L. IV. HASKETT-SMITH, `OF IVESTMINSTER, ENGLAND.

RANGE-FINDER.

SPECIFICATION forming `part of Letters Patent No. 470,487, dated March 8, 1892.

Application filed May 20, 1890l Serial No. 352,585, (No model.) Patented in England September 8, 1888, No. 18,021; in France July 15,1889,No.199,590; in Germany July 24,1889, No. 50,670,I in Italy October '7, 1889, LI, 329; in India January 18, 1890, No. 383; in Austria -Hungary January 23, 1890, No. 30,644 and No. 59,938, and in Uanada February 1'7, 1890, No

To all whom it may concern.-

Beit known thatI, EDMUND LYONS WELLEs- LEY IIAsKETT-SMITH, civil engineer, a subject Finders, (for which I have obtained patents `A fication of the same.

in Great Britain,No. 13,021, dated September 8, 1888; in France, No. 199,590, dated July 15, 1889 in Germany, No. 50,670, dated July 2.4, 1889; in Austria-Hungary, No. 30,644 and No. 59,938, dated January 23, 1890; in Italy, Vol. 51, No. 329, dated October 7, 1889; in Canada, No. 33,735, dated February 17,-1890, and in India, Reg. No. 333 of' 1889, dated January 18,

1890,) of which the following is a specification.

The object of my invention is to provide a telemeter or range-finder by which the distance of objects from the observer can be found expeditiously and with practical accuracy by direct indications on scales carried by the instrument, so as to obviate the necessity for calculation or reference to tables of tangents.

It also presents the advantage of the observation being made by means of two telescopes to which the observer applies his eyes, as in using an ordinary binocular glass.

I will describe my invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Figures 1 and 2 show in views at right angles to each other the complete instrument. Fig. 3 is a plan Vof the telescope. Figs. 4, 5, and 6 are respectively a top plan elevation and vertical section of the top prism or reflector and its box. eFig. 7 is a view of the ring which is to be fixed to the tubular base and which has in it holes to receive the bayonet-points as supports for the instrument when in use. Fig. 8 is a vertical section on the line 1 2 of Fig. 10. Fig, 9 is a side elevation, and Fig. 10 a vertical section, of the means for effecting adjustment and measuring the angle of adjustment, Fig. 9,1ooking in the same direction as Fig. 8. Figs. 11 and 12 are side and end elevations of a modi- Fig. 13 shows partly in section a portion of the tubular base with the iixed telescope and lower reflector or single tube or may be made telescopic for i giving a long base in use with compactness for transport. This tube has at its upper end an opening, opposite which is a prism ot, Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, and at its lower end means for securingit in position-as, for example, a 1

spike a for fixing it in the ground. It may be further supported by means of bayonets or riies, the points of the bayonets being inserted into holes in the ring a4, fixed to the tubular base. (See Figs. 1, 2, and 7.)

In the tube A, at a suitable distance from the ground, is an object-glass a2, and below this is another prism a3, Fig. 13, to deflect the image into an eye-piece at right angles to the base. This forms one telescope B, and at the ,f

side of this is another eye-piece and objectglass, constituting another telescope C, parallel to the telescope B, so that there is a telescope for each eye of the observer, Figs. 1, 2, and 3. The telescope C is for direct observation, and it is centered at c in bearings in a bracket c2, secured to the tube A, so that the said telescope C can be moved vertically through an angle in aplane parallel with the base formed by the tube A of the measuring triangle. As the tube between the `refiecting-glass a and the pivoting-pointe.2 .forms the base of the measuring-triangle, the reliecting-glass being at the right angle thereof, it is by the extent of angular movement which is given to the telescope C (to bringabout coincidence of the image of the same object observed by both eyes) that the distance is measured.

. To give the distance with great exactitude and facility, I provide two scales, one of which indicates, say, hundreds of yards, and the other of which indicates, say, yards in each of such hundreds, although, ot course, I do not limit myself to these .precise subdivisions. For this purpose I secure to the support A (by clamping or otherwise) a bracket D, Figs. 1

and 2, in which there is carried a double slide, the irst member E of which can bey moved by a screw f in a horizontal direction by turning the head f2 of the said screw, the member Ebeing provided with a slide e, moving in guides d of the bracket D, Figs. 8, 9, andlO. The screw fisvr supported by the bracket D, Fig. 14, and moves the memberE by turning in a screw-threaded opening in the slide e, Fig. 10. The spring d2 bears on and prevents backlash of the member E. The second member Fofthe slide moves vertically in guides e2, carried by the part E, and

is borne upon by a spring e5 to p revent backlash and can be moved by a screw]c5 in adirection at right angles to the direction of movement of the first member E. The screw jjwhich gives movement to the first member,

has attached `to it a disk g, Figs. 8, 9, 14, and

15, having a spiral groove onits face, in which works a projection h, guided on any suitable guide or bar, such as h2, carried by the bracket I). A rod or girderz' is connected member E, which causes the arm ,connectedv to the directobscrvation telescope C, to be moved inthedirec-tion-ot' the arrow, Fig. 1, thus tiltingthesaid telescope C on its'pivotin g-point c toal` degree in accordance with the extent of' move-ment of'the screw f. When the two telescopes B and C are parallel, the projectiorrh is in they outermost convolution of the spi-ral'v groove in the disk g, and when thev direct-observation telescope C isv at its greatest angular position relatively to the fixed telescope B the said projection `h is in the innermost convolutionv of the saidspiral groove, asshownfin-Fig. l5. As inthe former case, the instrument is in position of infinity, and in the'lattericasethe instrument is in position for observing objects at the vleast distance for which the instrument is adapted, it follows that I- can'mark a scale on the spiral of the disk`- g, which scale will show approximately (say inv-hundreds of yards) the distance of the object observedwhen the images receivedby tlie'twotelescopes B and C coincide. In order to make a practically accurate subdivision (into, say, yards) of these indications of hundreds of yards, the arm 1l is moved, as before, to a very slight extent by means of the adjustable inclined piece before named. It is marked J, Figs'. 8 and 10, (and in dotted linesin Fig. 9,) and is carried by the piecef, sliding inthe guides e2 of the second member' F, so that the said inclined piece can, by means-ot"-y the screw f3, be moved up and down gmember F. is capable of being swung, so Vthat the surface :presented to the projection 2"may'be'-adjust-- `ed to a greater or'less degree of inclination `from the perpendicular, according to the disin a plane at right angles to the movement of the first member E. This inclined piece, on being traversed by the projection i2 from the rod 1,', Fig. 8, will cause the rod t', and consequently the telescope C also, to be moved to an extent in accordance with the angle to which the said incl-ined'piece J is adjusted. As the extent of movement of the telescope C for'obtaining the exact adjustment for co. incidence of the images, as seen by both eyes, varies in an inverse ratio to the distance of the object observed, I alter the angle of the said inclined piece J in accordance with the distance in, say, hundreds of yards, to which theinstrumentis adjusted by the aforesaid spiral groove in the disk g. This I `effect by fixing the said inclined'piece J in a piece j, centered by the pivot ,7'2 in a recess in the (See Fig. 10.)'. 'Thus the piecexJ tance of thel object. To make this adjustment automatic, the piece 7' is connectedby spring stretchers or'bars a, Figs. .8, 9,'and14, to a plate'p, carried by a stem p2, truly tit-V .ting al1-ole in a projection ps'trom arplatel?,

centered at p4 to one oft' the. guides c2, and'to this plate P is secured a cam-piecel. This campiece l bears on a part/m, fixed to the bracket D,in which'the first member E moves, Figs. 9 and 10. As the part'E, withthe several abovenamed parts attachedthereto, is moved .the cam Z rides over the fixed part m, Fig. 9, and is raised or lowered, thus raisingor lowering the plate P and by means of thecon'nections tilting the piece J. TheA cam Z is so shapedas to always maintain the required ratio between the degree of inclination of the piec'eJ andthe lposition of the projection h, or, in other words,

to alterV the angle of the inclined piece J in accordance with the distance of the object'. A spring p6 bears on a projection p5 from the piece P to press the cam Z into contact with the fixed part m. The stretchersl n andthe slidingof the projection p2 inthe hoiein'the parta permits the proper moving of' the'inclined piece J as itsl position is altered.

There is thus in takingV an observation a first adjustment, indicated by the spirallygrooved disk g and obtained by the movement of the first member tilting the movable telescope C. During this adjustment the cam Z and fixed piecem have caused an angular `movement of the inclined piece Jto an extent corresponding to the distance in hundreds of yards to which the instrument is adjusted.

yAfter the tirst adjustment has been made by' moving the vmember E the screwf of' the second member F is operated, and by reason of the angular surface of-the piece J bearing on 4the projection z2 from the telescope arm or girder z' when the piece J moves the arm is IOC IIO

ance with thehundreds of yards to which the instrument has been set by the movement of the first member E.

The screw-head f3 may be marked with a scale to show the finer adjustments of the member E, anda pointer s for the scale may be provided. The scales may be marked on any suitable part of the instrument other than those shown.

In use the instrument is placed so that the distant object is reflected into the telescope B through the medium of the prisms d a3. The screw-head f2 is then turned until the object is within the range of' the telescope C. The screw-head f3 is then turned until the object reflected in the telescope C coincides with the object refiected in the telescope B.

`The approximate distance*say, in hundreds of yards-is then read from the disk g, and the distance indicated on the screw-head f3 is then added to obtain the accurate measurement..

In Figs. ll and l2 I have shown a modification in which the second member F is dispensed with and the arm is affixed to a piece q, which is secured to the first member E, the said piece q consisting of two parts connected by a blade-spring q2 to preventtorsion of the rigid parts. Thus the arm fr', being connected tothe member E, is moved directly by the screw f and the one observation taken from` the disk g, the finer adjustment not being used with this modication.

In place of a disk g with spiralA grooves a cylinderor cone with helically-grooved periphery may be used.

The instrument is capable of' use in land or marine service. For example, the tubular metal masts of vesselsmaybe used as a base, provided that the telescopes are in convenient position for such use, and so reliable indications of range can be obtained on shipboard.

I claimas my inventionl. A telemeter having a support and two telescopes, one fixed to the support and the other adjustable, the eye-pieces of the tele-` scope being arranged near to each other, so that the two eyes .of an observer can be applied thereto, and means for adjusting the movable telescope and indicating the adjustment.

2. A telemeter having a tubular support` a right-angled triangle, and a prism for one of the telescopes fixed at a point on the support corresponding to the right angle of the triangle, and the other telescope pivoted to a point on the support corresponding to the angle at the. other end of the base, subst-antially as and for the purpose set forth.

4. The combination of a support and a telescope pivoted to the support with a bracket attached to the support, a member sliding in guides in the bracket, a second member adapted to slide in the first member, an adjustable incline carried by the second member, means for moving the said members and recording 4 the extent of movement, and an arm having one end attached tothe pivoted telescope and the other end engaging in the first member, the said arm provided with a projection bearing on the incline, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

5. The combination of a support and a tele- I scope pivoted thereto with a bracket removably attached to the support, a member sliding in guides in the bracket, a second member sliding in the first member, an Vincline pivoted in the second member, a girder attached to the telescope and engagingin the first member and bearing on the incline, and means, substantially as described, to automatically tilt the incline from the movement of the first member, as set forth. i

6. The combination of a support and a telescope pivoted thereto with a bracket attached to the support, a member sliding in guides in` the bracket, a second member sliding in the TOO 7. A telemeter consisting of a support, two

tclescopes,one fixed and the other pivoted to the support, a bracket attached to the sup-A port, a member adapted to slide on the bracket, an arm attached to the pivoted telescopeand engaging in thesaid member, a screw to move the said member, a grooved disk fixed to the screw, and a pointer carried by the member,` substantially as and for the purpose set forth. In testimony whereof I have signed my` name to this specication in the presence ot two subscribing witnesses. l

E. L. IV. IIASKETT-SMITH. Witnesses: A. F. HARDY, T/te Hoates, S. Norwood Park, Surrey.

A. K. GREAvEs, 8l Pzeoboro Road, Him'Ze/ngzfmt.

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